Steve Jobs And The World s Most Successful Motion Picture...

Steve Jobs was responsible for building Apple Computer twice, as well as for rescuing Pixar Animation Studios and turning it into one of the world s most successful motion picture studios. He also built NeXT, a good idea that did not catch on. He was a hands-on manager, who studied even the most little details of his products, with the heart and eye of a potential entrepreneur. His insistence on high-quality, good-looking products struck harmony with many people who appreciated the splendor of Apple products, resulting in such excellent successes as the Macintosh computer, the iPod, the iPad, the iMac, and the iPhone. These successes often reformed how consumers viewed technology and also reshaped the technology itself. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the two people most often attributed with the development of the huge market personal computer, perhaps decades before it might then have developed. Steve Jobs was born in February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. Jobs was adopted in February 1955 by Paul and Clara Jobs, who were tolerant parents. Jobs went to Monta Loma Elementary School, Cupertino Junior High School, Homestead High School, and Reed College. They were so focused on their son s necessities that they even moved from Mountain View, California, to Los Altos, California, in 1968, to put Jobs in a new school because he said that he could not get along with the kids at his old school. He preferred to spend his time with older students rather than ones his ownShow MoreRelatedDisney Pixar5473 Words   |  22 PagesThe Future of the Disney Alliance I. Introduction It was Monday morning, November 5, 2001. Steve Jobs, CEO of Pixar Animation Studios, had just finished reviewing the opening weekend box office receipts for Monsters, Inc., the latest theatrical release produced by the partnership between Pixar and Disney. He sat back and pondered the future of his company and its relationship with Disney. Jobs needed to consider the brand equity that Pixar had established through its recent successes, primarilyRead MoreCase Analysis on Walt Disney3122 Words   |  13 Pagescentralized management style and expected his managers to develop a five-year and ten year plans for their divisions to predict their future growth. Eisner followed the same strategies he followed in the 1980’s in 1990’s. He build Disney’s strengths in three areas of entertainment and recreation,motion pictures and video and consumer products. Entertainment Recreation: Top managers of Disney started enlarging the size and variety of its theme parks along with other properties though it increased operatingRead MoreThe Future Of Mobile Media And Computing Devices Essay2075 Words   |  9 Pages The first picture below is Apple’s original logo which depicts Isaac Newton sitting under a tree. The one to the left is the next version of Apple’s logo which was used from 1976 up until 1988. The final picture shows Apple logo current world-renowned logo, a black apple. Apple has no official motto but there mission statement is the following: Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolutionRead MoreThe Leadership Style of Walt Disney3476 Words   |  14 Pagescreation and entertainment innovation. 2. Leadership situation At the age of 31, Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Disney, founded the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio (currently known as the Walt Disney Company), which became the industry leaders in the creation of cartoons. Gradually, the company expanded to also produce motion pictures and provide entrainment services through cable services or its theme parks. As co-founder of this company, Walt Disney received numerous awards and recognitionsRead MoreExecutive Summary : Walt Disney Company5985 Words   |  24 PagesSummary The case is related with a decision regarding The walt Disney Company’s relation with Pixar. Though, history defined their collaboration and success. Pixar’s CEO Mr. Steve Jobs has tried to negotiate the contract but with no success because The Walt Disney Company wants to stay with previous terms. This pushed Steve Jobs to find for partnership with others. This search is a big threat for The Walt Disney Company and it has to decide whether to acquire Pixar or not. Through defining both companyRead MoreCase Study : Walt Disney Company5336 Words   |  22 Pagesfirst feature-length animated movie. These releases influenced the company to expand. Thus, Walt Disney Music Company was formed in 1949 after the release of Fantasia in 1940. The company continued to move forward and in 1950 The Walt Disney Company s very first live-action feature movie was released. The first Disney Park Disneyland was opened in California in 1955. It attracted children and the elders too. Mr. Walt Disney had advanced vision, revolutionary spirit and incomparable creativity. HisRead MorePixar Animation Studios : Disney Studios1874 Words   |  8 PagesPixar Animation Studios, a company that is combined with Walt Disney Studios, takes time and effort to give people movies that specialize in animation, becoming one of the most well-known companies in the movie industry. The creators, Ed Catmull and John Lasseter, had no clue that the idea they started was going to become the success Pixar is today. Pretty soon, Walt Disney Studios caught on to the idea of Pixar, so Pixar and Disney agreed to a 5-movie deal, in exchange for a portion of Pixar’s stockRead MoreHarry Potter8051 Words   |  33 PagesHarry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection on Blu-ray (2011) | Produced by | David Heyman | Based on | Harry Potter  series  byJ. K. Rowling | Starring | Daniel Radcliffe Rupert Grint Emma Watson (See below) | Studio | Heyday Films | Distributed by | Warner Bros. | Release  date(s) | 2001–2011 | Country | United Kingdom United States | Language | English | Budget | Total (8 films): $1,155,000,000 | Box office | Total (8 films): $7,706,147,978 | The  Harry Potter  film series is a  British-American  filmRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 Pagesme, we have a lot of story yet to tell† -Walt. E. Disney Such innocence transpired in the imagination of the Great Walt. E. Disney, that he created a tiny mouse with a squeaky voice but a mighty heart. This mouse has ruled the entertainment world with innocent and a mighty heart for nine decades, and is the first non human to receive an Oscar. The Walt Disney Company with its innocent creativity and its mighty aggressive business strategies has today reached a near monopoly in the entertainmentRead MorePixar Animation5916 Words   |  24 PagesAdventures of Andrà © and Wally B. [1984 HD] - YouTube, was the first ever computer-generated imagery short movie (Movies, 2009). This was the foundational establishment in the film industry that Steve Jobs was seeking. In 1986, Jobs purchased the Computer Division from Lucas Films and named it Pixar Animations Studios. Walt Disney and Pixar Animation agreed to do a number of films together, the first being Toy Story which was a huge success. The movie debut on November 22, 1995 grossed $192 millio n domestically

The Importance of Women Linda K. Kerbers Women of the...

When considering the American Revolution most histories fail to recognize both sides of the fight for liberty. Men were certainly the central figures; however could they have succeeded without the periphery support of women? In her book, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America, Linda K. Kerber explores the contribution of women to the war and demonstrates the rising of â€Å"Republican Motherhood† during and following the war. Through this ideology, women merged their traditional roles with their new sense of civic duty. In the beginning chapters, Kerber examines women’s engagement in the war effort, explores the emerging idea of female patriotism and states the proper loyalties of married women during the time.†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the struggle in America, women’s citizenship was not given serious consideration. Women were invisible in the political sphere and were seen to have no capacity where polit ics were concerned. When the war occurred, the role of women vastly changed. They were leaders off the battlefield. Women began to question their role in the political arena. Could a woman have a political thought? Could women be patriots? Must a wife’s political loyalty be the same as her husband’s? Once the Revolution succeeded, these questions were pushed away. Women had played the role of â€Å"Republican Mother† and completed their duty in helping the war effort, they did not need a more significant political role. Although women realized they had the potential to have a political mind, Kerber uses the legal processes of confiscation, coverture, and divorce to explain how women’s political identities were still tied to the role of wife. The American Revolution was a fight for liberty and freedom, unless you were a woman. As long as those three processes remained intact women would not gain freedom. In her next chapter, Kerber examines the newfound ne ed for the educating of women. Women were not allowed freedom or a political opinion, but they could not be completely pushed aside. For years women had been taught that education made them undesirable to men and educated women were scorned. Kerber argues that a new need forShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America 690 Words   |  3 Pages Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America was a refreshing historian analysis of the role of women in our nation’s history. In the early Revolution eras, the political role of women was nonexistent due to the traditional roles held by the patriarchal society the colonists lived in for most of their years. Kerber intertwined her book with an intelligent analysis, but also conveys this analysis in a clear way so that reader can comprehend further. Throughout

Alienation People Free Essays

Realist. A word, which would greatly, depicts the ascendancy of Herman Melville’s work – Bartleby, the Scrivener. An oeuvre that depicts and denounces the harsh conditions of workers, particularly of the copyists of laws during his time. We will write a custom essay sample on Alienation People or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, the opus serves as an eye-opener for the whole humanity. It embarks upon the exploitation and dehumanization of an individual in a capitalist society wherein accumulation of capital is the primary if not the only goal of the bourgeoisie. As such, this results to the seemingly obliviousness of the bourgeoisie to the real conditions and needs of his employees. This can be evidently seen in the story as the narrator gives only about four cents a folio, that is four cents for one hundred words of every copied document. One may argue that such amount has a great value during that period. Indeed it may be the case. However, if one would analyze the value of the wage given compared to the laborious task of a scrivener, it can be deduced that the given wage evidently does not equally compensate for the arduous job of a scrivener. The clear manifestation of such is the fact that employees in the story cannot provide for themselves an adequate supply of their basic necessities. In the epoch of industrialization and technological advancements, it is quite paradoxical to see the employees subsisting in an adverse condition. Such order is the contradiction in a capitalist society. The story illustrates how at first an individual would succumb to a system which pledges social and economic change from its success in overthrowing the old form of society, the feudal system. As such he takes a particular wok under a new economic system, the proletariat in his desire to make himself a living and essentially, to make his life better. However, as his work continuous, he realizes that he is being exploited and alienated. First, he is alienated to his products; in this particular case the copies of law that Bartleby produces. As he continuously produces products for his employer, his labor is being continuously objectified. If such is the case, then the number of things, which he produces in the external world yet does not belong to him continuously increases as he produces more. Hence, he is alienated in his products in two ways: first, by continuously producing products which does not belong to him; secondly, by increasing number of products he produces which he cannot acquire for he does not have the purchasing power to do so. Second, he is estranged from his labor. It is because his labor does not belong to him but to his employer. He works accordingly not from his own willingness to work rather to what his employer wanted him to do. His employer imposes on him what kind of work he should do. And this phenomenon is what Marx called as forced labor. As a result, his labor becomes mechanical and void of progress. Third, he is estranged from his species being. Human beings have the right to self-determination. This feature separates him from other species and can only be carried out thru his life activity. However, his activity under the capitalist economy, his being tied in his work forbids him to exercise his life activity – his self-determination. Fourth, he is alienated to his self. This is due to the alienation he experienced from his product and labor wherein he is not anymore treated as a rational being or even a human being in his Isness rather a commodity needed by the capitalists to procure monopoly of capital. These alienations were clearly depicted in Bartleby, the Scrivener and were eventually realized by Bartleby. He realized that he is a victim of such exploitations. He struggles to reject the prevailing economic system together with its authority structure and exploitative practices. Its manifestations though not much articulated is the refusal of Bartleby to first do trivial tasks and eventually, to stop the demeaning work. Essentially, he stop to become a scrivener. Bartleby represents an â€Å"enlightened man† of his time even if he does not have the ideological grounding Marx and Hegel possessed during the emergence of the socialist ideology. However, such realizations places him in history. Undeniably, in every society where there is a class, there is a class struggle. As such, a bourgeoisie would do anything to neutralize if not to totally obliterate the emergence of an ideology, which challenges the prevailing one. As such, the narrator is the epitome of the bourgeoisie. This was shown by the pseudo-kindness he is offering to Bartleby, seemingly oblivious of the exploitation and alienation his class is causing to the majority. It is because if he indeed wanted to help Bartleby, he would do measures to step by step end such exploitation. Bartleby realizes how oppressed he is in a capitalist society yet he has not yet ponder upon what would topple down this kind of oppressive economic system as well as the manner on how the society can be changed. This can be attributed to his lack of education and knowledge of the basic principles of socialism, which is emerging during his time. Unfortunately, he passed away before he can rationalize on how the existing society can be revolutionized Evidently, Melville is depicting the realities of his society during his time – the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. As such, the struggle between the prevailing yet oppressive ideology during that epoche– capitalism and the ideology which challenges capitalism and aspires to eliminate the oppression within the society – communism. Source: Bartleby, the Scrivener. Herman Melville. http://www. yahoo. com. 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Nursing Practice Based on Childhood Leukemia and Evidence

Question: Discuss about theChildhood Leukemia and Evidence Based Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction: Nursing care for pediatric nurse is very typical and complex. It requires appropriate skills and knowledge to provide quality care to children and to support their families. The purpose of this paper is identify the issues in nursing care based on the case study of a 9 years old Jenny. She is an active child and love playing and doing athletics. But, since last few days she is not finding interest in athletics and playing. She has pain in her legs and also feels lack of energy. Her parents are concerned about her, as she is becoming pale, lethargic and not eating well. Her parents decide to visit the local GP. GP examines Jenny and finds that she is facing problem in doing normal activities. She needs support of her mother, while doing simple work. Dr. Brown asks for following pathology, a mid-stream specimen of urine (MSSU), full blood examination (FBE), Haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WCC) differential), urea, electrolytes and C-reactive protein (U E). According to the pathological reports, Jenny is found to be suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), also known as acute lymphocyticleukaemia. The paper will further discuss the four main perspectives related to disease and patient care and will also Pathophysiology, family centred care, and importance of evidence based practice. Pathophysiology and Anatomy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a kind of cancer, which is mainly found in children, but can also occur in individual of any age. This disease is also called as lymphocyticleukaemia (Bhojwani, Howard, Pui, 2009). This kind of disease is characterized by over formation of the white blood cells. The bone marrow of the patient is crowded by these cells and formation of normal blood cells is prevented. Due to the overproduction of the white blood cells, these can also enter the blood stream and to other parts of the body. This is the malignant bone marrow disease, in which the malignant cells of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are considered as the lymphoid precursor cells (ie, lymphoblasts) (Bhojwani, Howard, Pui, 2009). In the early stage of the disease, these cells are arrested. The arrest of these cells is caused due to the abnormal functioning of the genes. This abnormal functioning of the genes is resulted due to chromosomal translocations (Bhojwani, Howard, Pui, 2 009). The normal elements of the bone marrow are replaced by lymphoblasts and the production of the normal blood cells is reduced. This situation also results in occurrence ofanemia,thrombocytopenia, andneutropenia (Bhojwani, Howard, Pui, 2009). These problems can occur at different degrees and levels. The lymphoblasts can also multiply in various organs of the body such as liver, lymph nodes and spleen (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, 2016). Due to the changing physiological condition, patient suffers from acute pain in legs, reduced energy and becomes pale due to scarcity of the red blood cells (Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 2016). According to the subjective data, Jenny reported acute pain in legs, she also complain about feeling tired very soon, due to which she did not want to participate in athletics. According to the objective data, doctor examined Jenny needs support in normal activities, as she was independent and energetic kid. But, now she looks pale, mildly febrile, her res piratory rate is quite high and she seems quite lethargic. No other obvious symptoms could be found in the diagnosis, but according to mid-stream specimen of urine (MSSU), full blood examination (FBE), Haemoglobin (Hb)), white blood cell count (WCC) differential), urea, electrolytes and C-reactive protein (U E), it was found that she is suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Nursing Concerns Risk of Infection: The care plan for the children suffering with ALL requires increasing comfort and reducing the problems of the patient. The risk of infection increases in the patient due to inadequate secondary defense. The number of immature lymphocytes increases and red blood cells reduces. The capability of the defense is also reduced due to traumatized tissues. The risk of infection also increases by malnutrition. The risk of infection cannot be diagnosed through signs and symptoms (Fraser et al, 2014). Till the time problem has not occurred, the nursing interventions must be focused towards preventing any kind of infection in future. For this purpose it is important that nurse must provide an infection free environment to the patient. The nurse, who takes care of patients with infection, must not come in contact with child. Hand washing protocol must be strictly followed by all professionals and nurse. Rational: It is very important to save the patient from pathogens and infections. Since Jenny is very young she requires special care, during her initial treatment at hospital. Any kind of infection can have adverse effect on her health. The further treatment of ALL can put her on higher risk of infection. Washing hands before coming in contact with the patient reduces the chance of transfer of infection. Risk of Fluid Deficiency: The risk of fluid is very high in the patient of ALL. Due to the treatment and chemotherapies there could be excessive loss of fluid because of vomits, diarrhea, and hemorrhage (Fraser et al, 2014). Since no signs and symptoms of the risk are yet diagnosed, so nursing intervention would focus on prevention of the problem. It is important that nurse should monitor the loss of fluid. It is important to measure urine pH and gravity. This intervention would also involve measurement of weight and promote nutritional balance. Rational: For the proper functioning of the kidney, it is important that adequate fluid balance should be maintained. The continued intake of the fluid is important with regular output. If this process is hindered, it could lead to formation of stones in kidney. The adequate fluid intake also promotes urine flow and prevents precipitation of uric acid. Development Issues: As Jenny is 9 years old, she is in the age of developing a sense of mastery over her environment. Children at this age are able to describe their pain and physical condition, but their description could not be considered as completely logical. Children at this developmental stage also have their own imaginations and thinking. They can also develop thoughts about their illness that it might have caused because they have done something wrong to anyone (Fraser et al, 2014). So the nursing concern would be support child and family in understanding the reason behind illness and to develop therapeutic relationships with them (Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, 2010). Rational: Children at the early childhood stage, they believe that there is some kind of magic in everything. These children love to try new things and have athletic abilities. This is the time, when children develop confidence in their activities, and get prepared for the future. Nursing concern would be to encourage confidence and problem solving skills in children (Koschel et al, 2012). It is important to inform child that she is not suffering because she has done anything wrong. She must be supported by her family members. It is because according to Family Centered Care (FCC) family is the most important part of a persons life (Harrison, 2010). Children are dependent on their families and parents. They develop a sense of belonging towards their families. With support of parents, children improve their emotional contact and their health outcomes are also improved (Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, 2010). Coping and Adjustment with Illness: The chronic diseases may lead to impaired growth and retardation among children. The illness and treatment, both could be very traumatic and painful for children. As, in case of Jenny, she was an active child, but due to illness her energy is reduced and she do not feel normal. Such children may also suffer from anxiety, as they can sense that they are different from their peers. This could lead to further depressive condition (Fraser et al, 2014). Thus nursing concern would be related to adjustment and coping skills of Jenny. For the management of her illness, it is important to work in collaboration with her parents and develop and encourage coping skills in the patient. Her parent s can help her to develop coping skills and resilience (Understanding Acute leukemia, 2014). Rational: Due to long term illness and long term treatment, there could be psychological effect on children. Children might find their fault in illness and may not be able to cope with treatment. In the phase of chronic illness, parents a play a very important role in childs life. They can help their kid to develop resilience (Harrison, 2010). Resilience is the ability to develop acceptance towards, trauma, illness, threats and tragedy (Understanding Acute leukemia, 2014). Different stressors can affect the mental health of children and children may not be able manage stress. Thus, role of parents is very important, as children feel comfortable and secure only with their parents. Importance of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in Nursing The importance of evidence based practice has been acknowledged across nursing practice and knowledge. For providing effective and safe nursing care it is essential to offer evidence based practice. Nursing care for children requires thorough understanding of evidence-based quality improvement (Koschel et al, 2012). It enhances the capabilities, knowledge and understanding of the nurses. EBP requires adoption of proper practice, education of the practice and understanding of the developmental theories in case of chronic illness in children (Fairbrother et al, 2014). According to the cognitive and developmental theories, children go through different developmental stages; these stages define their cognitive and physical growth abilities. The new approach to provide family centered care and close support to young patients EBP has been found to be very successful. EBP focuses on evaluating and reporting of the patients condition. It helps in enhancing the ability to plan care and improve the health outcomes of the patients. Evidence-based practice (EBP) provides nurses with a method to use critically appraised and scientifically proven evidence for delivering quality health care to a specific population (Fairbrother et al, 2014). This kind of approach also helps in exploring the nurses awareness towards the care and developing a positive attitude towards reporting evidences. Long term physical illness and health issues can affect the mental health of the patients. As, in the case of Jenny, she was an active child, but due to her illness she could play and participate in her hobbies. She may find herself to be different from her peers and may have to go through acute pain. All these conditions require more evidence based nursing practice and quality in nursing care. This approach involves that nurses must monitor the effect of medicines on children, this would help to understand if any side effects are there. Thus EBP helps in developing the science of nursing and increase the confidence of nurses in decision making. Thus integrating EBP in nursing practice is important for offering high quality care (Fairbrother et al, 2014). Every individual have their specific requirement in nursing care, according to their age, race and culture. Evidence based practice allow nurses to work in different environment through proper knowledge and research based evidence. This approach could be very easy for the nurses if they refer to already developed evidences and practice guidelines. With proper administrative support and knowledge sharing by mentors can help nurses to remove all barriers in providing quality care (). Conclusion The paper is based on the case study of a 9 years old girl, Jenny. She is a very active child and loves to take part in different physical activities. She lives with her parents and brother-sister. Her family has a nice living arrangement and adequate resources. In last few days her health deteriorated and she was taken to local GP. According to the objective and subjective data presented in the case study, she has been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). She has been admitted to the hospital for 10 days, as she is also suffering from Bacterial Pneumonia. The paper discussed the Pathophysiology of the disease that explained the occurrence of the disease. The paper also reviewed four nursing concern that could be vital in case of Jenny. The concerns are risk of infection, risk of fluid deficiency, developmental barriers and coping skills. All these could be serious concerns for Jenny. The paper also addresses the importance of family cantered care and evidence based practice in nursing. References Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. (2016). OMICS. Retrieved from: https://www.omicsonline.org/australia/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia-peer-reviewed-pdf-ppt-articles/ Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). (2016). Retrieved From: https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancers/leukaemias/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-all Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. (2010). Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/Master/Downloads/6_New-Code-of-Professional-Conduct-for-Nurses-August-2008-1-.PDF Bhojwani, D., Howard, S. C., Pui, C. H. (2009). High-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma,9, S222-S230. Fairbrother, G., Cashin, A., Conway, M. R., Symes, M. A., Graham, I. (2014). Evidence based nursing and midwifery practice in a regional Australian healthcare setting: Behaviours, skills and barriers.Collegian. Fraser, J., Waters, D., Forster, E., Brown, N. (2014).Paediatric Nursing in Australia: Principles for Practice. Cambridge University Press. Harrison, T. M. (2010). Family-centered pediatric nursing care: State of the science.Journal of Pediatric Nursing,25(5), 335-343. Koschel, A., Cross, M., Haines, H., Ervin, K., Skinner-Louis, D., Carbone, D. (2012). Research and evidence based practice in a rural Victorian cohort.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,30(2), 13. Understanding Acute leukemia. (2014). A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends. Retrieved From: https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/CAN720_AcuteLeukaemia_booklet.pdf

Nazi Regime Essay Research Paper Question 1 free essay sample

Nazi Regime Essay, Research Paper Question 1 Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, and during this clip, he implemented a series of steps designed to extinguish Hebrews from German life with the aid of the despair of a German people who blamed the Jews for every immorality of the Weimar epoch: capitalist economy, communism, internal struggle, and the Treaty of Versailles. The Jews were purportedly the root cause of Germany # 8217 ; s jobs, both as greedy internal infiltrators who did non belong to the blood and dirt of Germany, and as an international confederacy restricting Germany # 8217 ; s influence on universe political relations. Under the Nazi government, Hitler made life uncomfortable for Jews in Germany and Austria and removed them from most places of power and influence. Three distinguishable moving ridges of anti # 8211 ; Judaic statute law can be discerned. 1 ) Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service The first moving ridge welled up in March 1933 and by April 7 had culminated in the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. We will write a custom essay sample on Nazi Regime Essay Research Paper Question 1 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This jurisprudence authorized the dismissal of about all # 8220 ; non- # 8211 ; Aryan # 8221 ; civil retainers. This jurisprudence became the theoretical account for steps excepting Hebrews from other businesss. 2 ) The Nuremberg Laws The 2nd major moving ridge of anti # 8211 ; Judaic statute law came on September 15, 1935, when the Reichstag passed two Torahs. Under the Reich Citizenship Law, the Jews were deprived of all vote rights and became 2nd # 8211 ; category citizens and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, which forbade matrimony and sexual contact between Jews and Germans. In the aftermath of that jurisprudence, a complicated categorization system was enacted specifying assorted grades of Judaic cape. Kristallnacht # 8211 ; dark of broken glass. In November 1938, SA bands, supported by Gestapo and other party organisations, burned temples and Judaic shops all over Germany ( Kristallnacht # 8211 ; dark of broken glass ) . The constabulary under Nazi control did non travel. Hence, 150,000 Jews left Germany and Austria after the Kristallnacht. However, it was hard for Jews to acquire visas to other states, most of which adopted restrictive in-migration policies. 3 ) The Economy From 1933 to 1939, concerted attempts were made by Nazi Party, bureaus of the authorities, Bankss, and concern endeavors to extinguish Hebrews from economic life. Judaic houses were either liquidated or Germans purchased them for much less than their full value. The returns of any gross revenues every bit good as Judaic nest eggs were subjected to particular belongings revenue enhancements. The Judaic employees of liquidated or Aryanized houses lost their occupations. When the war broke out, the bing ordinances were extended in every possible way and tightened up. The Final Solution was set in gesture. These anti-semitic policies could hold neer been implemented if non for the despair of the German people. Anti-Semitism intensified toward the terminal of the First World War. The traumatic licking in 1918, the economic predicament of the in-between category during the First World War and the hyper-inflation of 1923, and the confusion of values perceived by many Germans during the Weimar old ages fostered an irrational and aggressive mentality that frequently blamed the Jews. Jews were held responsible for the increasing concentration of retail industries, that put little workshops and bargainers out of concern, or the commercialisation of agribusiness, which was considered a # 8220 ; Jewish secret plan # 8221 ; to work the hard-working husbandman. The economic, societal, and psychological crises created by the Great Depression had dire political effects for Weimar democracy. Therefore, many people who were discontented with democracy found replies to their insecurity in the messages of the NSDAP. Nazi propaganda provided simple but seemingly apprehensible grounds for the economic prostration. The Nazis blamed the Versailles colony and reparations, the Weimar system itself. They believed that Jews allegedly stood behind Marxism, the Weimar system, much of large concern and economic profiteering. The Nazi accusals were unworldly but effectual. Lower middle-class unemployed and employed embraced a Nazi party that promised to extinguish this corrupt Weimar system, and unemployment. In decision, Hitler with the aid of German people who believed in his propaganda undertook a series of steps designed to destruct European Jewry. Hitler adopted the petroleum simplistic mentality on life: the Hebrews are the beginning of all immorality in this universe. Hitler found a intent in life, cleansing the German race from the clasps of the Jews. Hatred of the Jews became his compulsion, his credo, religion and faith. Question 2 Of the many factors that produced the Nazi holocaust, World War II and the atrociousnesss committed by the medical professions in Germany, one of the minute T of import was Darwin’s impression that evolutionary advancement occurs chiefly as a consequence of the riddance of the weak in the battle for endurance. Darwinism-inspired eugenics and in historical context, # 8220 ; eugenics # 8221 ; may be defined as applied Darwinism. The laminitis of eugenics is Francis Galton the writer of several extremely influential books on heredity, including Familial Genius ( 1869 ) , and National Inheritance ( 1889 ) . Not long after Galton published the last-named book, a group of alleged # 8220 ; racial scientists # 8221 ; became rather active in Germany. ( Besides influential in the formation of the group was German Social Darwinist Ernst Haeckel, who declared that the assorted races may be defined as separate species. ) One of these scientists was Adolf Jost, the writer of The Right to Death ( 1895 ) . The chief thesis of this book is that the concluding solution to the population job is province control over human reproduction. The province has a natural right and a sacred duty to kill persons in order to maintain the state, the societal being, alive and healthy. The very bosom of Darwinism is the belief that development returns by the differential endurance of the fittest or superior persons. This requires differences among a species, which in clip become great plenty so that those persons that posses advantageous characteristics # 8212 ; the fittest # 8212 ; are more disposed to last. Darwin # 8217 ; s theory and publications had a major influence upon Nazi race policies. The Nazis believed that alternatively of allowing natural forces and opportunity to command development, they must direct the procedure to progress the human race. The first measure to accomplish this end was to insulate the # 8216 ; inferior races # 8217 ; in order to forestall them from farther polluting the # 8216 ; Aryan # 8217 ; cistron pool. Aryans believed that their evolutionary high quality gave them non merely the right, but besides the responsibility to repress all other peoples. The ultimate purpose was to engender a new race of healthy and strong Aryan # 8220 ; demigods # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; superwomen # 8221 ; and to supply a huge life infinite for this new # 8220 ; maestro race, # 8221 ; derived from the existent Germans of 1933-45, in Central and Eastern Europe. Race was a major board of the Nazi doctrine. Hitler argued that authoritiess must help in the riddance, or at least quarantine, of the inferior races. Eugenicist theories advancing sterilisation and mercy killing were widely propagated in German society through instruction and other agencies. Among the most outstanding agencies used was movie. In his 1936 fresh Mission and Conscience ( and subsequent movie entitled, # 8220 ; I Accuse # 8221 ; ) , Helmut Unger told a narrative of a immature adult female enduring from multiple induration who believes that her life is no longer deserving life and asks her physician hubby to alleviate her of her wretchedness. Subsequently, the cardinal function of such images in taking to the credence of medical violent death became evident. Therefore, the T-4 physicians who participated in the # 8216 ; euthanasia # 8217 ; undertaking, did non see themselves to be slayers, but curates of medical intervention. The culprits believed in the impression of # 8220 ; life unworthy of life # 8221 ; before, during, and after their awful offenses. In May 1939, an consultative group, the Committee for the Scientific Treatment of Severe and Genetically Determined Illness, was formed to find if and how a euthanasia plan for kids and grownups would run. The grownup undertaking was housed in Berlin at figure 4 Tiergartenstrasse, giving rise to its codification name # 8220 ; T-4. # 8221 ; In the beginning, there appeared to be a wide degree of support for this throughout the state. Patients so began to be euthanized by deadly injection at assorted infirmaries and other wellness attention establishments. In September 1939, the Chancellor of the Exchequer provided legal unsusceptibility for the physicians engaged in mercy violent deaths. By 1941, word began to distribute on nonvoluntary violent deaths. So, in August 1941, the physician-assisted decease plan at Hadamar and the other T-4 infirmaries were officially ordered to be discontinued. By this clip, 80,000 to 100,000 people had been killed under the T-4 plan. At Hadamar, nevertheless, the plan neer ceased. Merely the method of decease changed: from injections to famishment. The original # 8216 ; euthanasia # 8217 ; undertaking, the violent death of those who were earnestly sick [ T-4 ] , was extended to killing virtually anyone whose decease was desired. First, hospitalized Hebrews who had antecedently been denied a mercy decease were given # 8220 ; particular intervention, # 8221 ; and killed along with Germans in the euthanasia plan. Later it was ordered that Jews and other undesirables be transported from the concentration cantonments to the same violent death centres used by the T-4 plan. In decision, Hitler steadfastly convinced that Darwinian development was true, saw himself as the modern Jesus of world. Society, he felt, would some twenty-four hours regard him as a great # 8216 ; scientific socialist # 8217 ; , the helper of all world. 1517 WORDS

Death Penalty Essays (1779 words) - Curley V. NAMBLA, Lawsuits

Death Penalty Essays (1779 words) - Curley V. NAMBLA, Lawsuits Death Penalty In our understandable desire to be fair and to protect the rights of offenders in our criminal justice system, let us never ignore or minimize the rights of their victims. The death penalty is a necessary tool that reaffirms the sanctity of human life while assuring that convicted killers will never again prey upon others. Through the death penalty many families of victims find solace and retribution by seeking to put an end to it all; the sleepless nights, the terrifying nightmares of what their son, daughter, wife, husband, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, cousin or friend went through and the constant reminder of why their loved ones arent with them. In June 1997, a parade of witnesses at the trial of Timothy McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber, described the explosions impact on their lives. Survivors of the blast expressed their belief that killing McVeigh would be justified, given their loss, and many expressed their fury. The sooner McVeigh meets his maker, the sooner justice will be served, said Darlene Welch, whose 4-year-old niece, Ashley, was killed in the blast. He will get what he deserves in the afterlife, where he will meet Hitler and Jeffrey Dahmer, says Ernie Ross, who suffered serious injuries from the blast while working across the street. He deserves the death penalty, theres no doubt about that. This would seem to be what Americans want. In poll after poll, more than 70% say they support the death penalty, a figure that has remained consistent for the past decade. But increasingly, another argument for the death penalty is being voiced, one far more basic. It centers not on the criminals debt to society but on the right of a victims loved ones to gain peace of mind through his death. The right, in other words, would be therapeutic vengeance. Death-penalty opponents have traditionally viewed this kind of personal retribution as barbaric. But isnt bringing solace to a victim and their family a legitimate justification for the death penalty? And is nt providing solace a powerful form of compensation? On the afternoon of October 1, 1997, 10-year-old Jeffrey Curley told his grandmother, I have to go do something. Ill be back in a little while. Then he left her house in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His grandmother would be the last one to see him alive. When Curley did not come home that night, his family, their neighbors and police organized a huge search. They also distributed flyers with the boys picture on it. The next day Salvatore Sicari, Curleys neighbor and adult friend, arrived at the Curleys home with a handful of the flyers. He expressed his concern over the boys disappearance and offered his assistance. Sicari also began to speak to Cambridge police, offering bits of information. Sicari told police that he had last seen Curley on the morning of October 1, when Curley had apparently threatened him with his dog. Sicari said that he told Curley that he would kill the dog if the boy didnt stop. After that encounter, Sicari s aid he met up with Charles Jaynes. Sicari told authorities that he had seen Curley riding in Jaynes Cadillac in the past. He also claimed that Jaynes had promised Curley a bicycle. He had warned Curley to stay away from Jaynes. Cambridge police contacted Jaynes on October 2. While he denied knowing Curley, he was arrested on an outstanding warrant and taken into custody. In Jaynes wallet, police found four receipts for items purchased with a credit card bearing his fathers name: Edward Jaynes. The items included a receipt from Bradlees for a Rubbermaid container, a receipt from Home Depot for cement and lime, a receipt for a bicycle and a receipt from an Osco Drug Store for cigars and caffeine pills. All of these purchases were made on the day of Curleys disappearance. When questioned, Jaynes said that he knew Curley, but denied seeing him on the day the boy disappeared. Sicari was contacted again by Cambridge police and continued to provide details. In his statement, Sicari describ ed the killing. While he drove Jaynes Cadillac, he explained, the 250-pound Jaynes sat on Curley in the back seat. As Curley struggled, Jaynes allegedly told him, Dont fight

Memori Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Memori - Essay Example It all begun with a disagreement on matters of tribe and religion between my father a friend he had made soon after we had moved in to Australia. They had become easy friends especially in view of the fact that both of them and their families were Muslims in a predominantly Christian country. On that fateful day, the man invited my family to visit him and my father was glad to accept, my sister and I were ecstatic about the prospect of meeting other children since we had been told he had other girls with whom we could play with. The home was tastefully furnished and the decor bespoke a moderate but style conscious lifestyle, there were several Muslim texts displayed on a glass display giving the impression that the man was deeply religious like my father. The kitchen was beautifully decorated and from the excitement my mother showed as she examined the furnishings I could tell it was everything she had ever dreamt of in her ideal kitchen. After refreshments, my sister and I went upst airs to play with the little girls as the grownups talked in the living room. While the room was not decorated it looked just like as small looking box with two pink beds it had hundreds of toys. I had more fun than we could remember playing dress up with them especially when they gave us dresses to match theirs. I was given an elegant blue dress adorned with beautiful pink flowers, and it looked and felt so fantastic I could not find words to describe the feeling, I felt like a princess. We also played with their doll house which was full of tiny plates and chairs and for four hours, we forgot that there was a world outside our secluded heaven of fun and games just like Alice in wonderland. Although my family relatively close, I never really felt a very close connection with them, my father was a workaholic and he spent most of his time working or studying to be a doctor. My mother rarely had time for me since she was too busy being a health freak and monitoring our diet and making us eat â€Å"healthy,† while my sister was close to my age I did not find her very good since she seemed to only copy what I did. My two brothers are the last people I would play with since they are not only serious but very reserved and we almost never notice them since they seem lost each in their own world. Therefore, these two girls were the best thing to happen to me and we got along beautifully coming up with different games and I was sure they would be my friends forever. This is what made the events that followed so painful, I had convinced myself I had found my true best friends and I was to spend the rest of my childhood pinning for them knowing I would never have another chance to play with them. Abruptly, we were jerked back into the harsh realities of the outside world, strange noises were coming from the living room and there was shouting and banging of tables. The door to the bedroom was opened and my mother quickly dragged us from our new playmates were silen t with bewilderment just as we were. The girl’s mother was calm, mine looked terrified but their father and mine were each livid, I had never seen my father as angry as he was on that night, his pulsating veins seemed to push through his skin threatening to bust through and he looked as if he was on the edge of saying something but didn’t say a word. The girl’s father was equally angry and as they stood across from each other in the sitting room looking like

The Maltese Falcon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Maltese Falcon - Essay Example They are then sent home. If something should happen to one of the packages, so that it ruptures inside the "mule," then that person dies. If the "mule" tries to flee once he or she enters the country, the handler will pursue the mule to get the profit back, and to keep the mule from telling what has happened. After the process, the "mules" are shipped back home, with a good amount of cash for the dangerous trip. The poster shows Maria kneeling beneath the outstretched hand of a man, who is holding a packet of heroin out to her. The posture, however, makes it resemble a communicant receiving the wafer of Communion from a priest. The juxtaposition of sacrament with such a poisonous line of work gives the viewer a troubling impression; one might assume that the filmmaker hopes the impression would be sufficiently troubling, or at least interesting, to lure viewers in. The common trend in semiotic analysis of film has been to look at what symbolic objects mean. What, for example, is the dual meaning behind the small bag of heroin proffered by the priest Structuralists have stopped asking a wealth of other questions that could well provide an intriguing range of responses (Wadia). A question that the structuralists would not ask, for example, would be why the context of Communion was chosen as a representation for the drug suppliers Why not make the situation look more like violent coercion Why not make the idea of the "mule" a symbolic part of the scene While some of the answers may be similar to those raised by the first question, it could also be that these questions would raise additional questions about the relationship between religion and coercion, the power that the drug lords have over life in certain parts of the world, among other notions. The idea behind a newer form of criticism comes from Roland Barthes, one of the seminal names in all of structuralist and semiotic thought. In his essay "Change the Object Itself," he shows how tired he is of the ways in which semiotics has become an institution rather than a breath of fresh air. Semiotics has changed from a truly deconstructive force to a "discourse, stock of phrases, catechistic declaration" (Barthes, p. 166). In other words, even the idea of "deconstruction" itself has come to signify a certain set of assumptions beyond, or even completely different from, in some instances, the intention of the thinker. Rather than take apart existing myths and replace them with new ones, Barthes, writes, the semiotic idea is "to fissure the very representation of meaningnot to change or purify the symbols but to challenge the symbolic itself" (p. 167). In the particular instance of film, the cinematic image is constantly re-appropriated by the various agendas of its viewers: Marx ism, feminism, postcolonialism - to the point where each film can come to serve as a grand epic for any number of groups who can find the proper imagery and symbolism in the story (Wadia). This makes the Barthesian opposition to a fixed set of meanings inside discrete systems of signification an intriguing part of film theory. However, given the visceral symbolisms so often attached to the visual image, the task of challenging the very idea of symbolism is problematic. Barthes writes of a "third meaning" that can exist even in

Women can be better leaders than men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women can be better leaders than men - Essay Example During all centuries it has been considered that men are those who win in this unequal battle. I strongly believe that it happens due to the fact that we have been living in the patriarchal society. It can be explained by the fact that up to the 20th century the most important thing both in the life of individual and in life of the whole countries was physical force. The world lived in the state of permanent wartime – the weapon emplacements appeared in the whole world, every time in different places. And the only thing that could contribute to the result of war was men force. Since ancient times men were chosen to be leaders of societies, tribes, droves and countries. In today’s world that is subordinated not to the physical force but to the intellectual one, women have much more possibilities to show their creativity and potential. More and more women nowadays run the companies or societies, participate in political life and at the same time have those responsibilities of mothers, daughters and sisters. So, the question is â€Å"Does gender influence the leadership potential and skills? What is the difference in the way a woman or man leads other people in an organization oÐ º society? Do those women who obtained the leading posts have any distinguished qualities of character? Why do they have it when the majority of women prefer to neglect it? Female leaders are more aggressive and convincing, demand strictly the orders to be done and, surprisingly, tend to take greater risks than male do. I would like to notice, that it has always been believed that men are more risky creatures than women are, but according to the latest researchers women are more impulsive and that is why they easily take risk. Scientists claim that women are more flexible in communication but at the same tougher in their demand, they are more sympathetic with the problems of the suppliers and employees. Women demand from the members of the organization

Theories of the Causes of Black Holes

Theories of the Causes of Black Holes Black Holes The phrase â€Å"black holes† is introduced to scientific world not by a physicist but a journalist, Ann Ewing in 1964, who made a report on a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Ewing, 1964). Some elegant French argued that the phrase has annoying sexual insinuation. After that, the famous physics John Wheeler spread the â€Å"black holes† widely in physics and the public view. Actually the concept of an object so massive that even the light can’t be escaped is proposed by Michell (1783), as well as by Laplace (Gillispie, 2000) But this idea was so radical at that time when the light was thought to be massless. The golden age of black holes came along with the establishment of the generally relativity by A. Einstein (OConnor, 1996). Schwarzschild and Droste solved the Einstein field equations independently and a solution describing a point mass was found (Schwarzchild, 1916; Droste, 1917). The properties of the black holes are dev eloped and explained by a group of important works. G. Lemaitre and R. Oppenheimer have interpreted the singularity (Hooft, 2009; Ruffini, 1971). The event horizon is defined as a boundary inspace and time, inside which an event can’t be observed by the outsider (Wheeler, 2007). The no-hair theory of the black hole is completed by the work of Carter (1971), Israel (1967) and Robinson (1975), declaring that a stationary black hole can be described by only three parameters: the mass, the charge and the angular momentum. The black hole thermodynamics is interpreted by Bardeen et al. (1973). In order to get a direct physical picture of a black hole, an illustration of a non-spinning black hole is given. Based on mathematically solution, a non-spinning black hole possesses a spherically symmetric boundary, which is also the event horizon. The center of the non-spinning black hole is a singularity where the gravitational forces become infinite. The distance between the singularity and the event horizon is called the Schwarzschild radius. The surface gravity of a stationary black hole is constant over the event horizon. One thing to be noted, it is impossible by any procedure, no matter how idealized, to reduce the surface gravity to zero by a finite sequence of operations. Aphoton sphere, the radius of which is 1.5 times of the Schwarzschild radius, is a  spherical  special region where  gravity  forces the  photons  to travel in orbits. Generally the black hole is classified to four groups according to their mass: micro, stellar, intermediate-mass and super ma ssive black hole. Generally the size of a black hole is approximately proportional to its mass, the heavier of a black hole, the bigger of its size. A black hole with mass of 1000 times of solar mass has a radius like the earth. The formation of a black hole is a mystery. Einstein thought that the exotic object, like black holes, would not exist in nature even there are such solutions to Einstein gravitationalfield equations. However, more and more theoretical calculations and even important astronomical observations have proved that Einstein is wrong. Most astrophysicists have reached an agreement that the formation of a black hole usually evolves many stages. First the primary process of the evolution is the gravitational collapse, which is usually occurs after the death of a heavy object, like stars. When a star doesn’t have enough â€Å"fuel† to keep its temperature through nuclearreaction or the star is keeping absorbing matters around it by universalgravitation. After the collapse, if the mass of leftover exceeds over 3 to 4 times of solar mass, it has an opportunity to form a black hole. The second stage is the formation of the event horizon, which is also the way to distinguish the blac k holes and other forms of objects, such as neutron stars, which are also a result of the gravitational collapse. Thanks to the work of Kerr (2009), who proved that the event horizon could be physical not just mathematical. According to the black holes thermodynamics, the area of the event horizon of each black hole does not decrease with time. After the presence of the event horizon, a singularity will form in a black hole (Penrose, 1965). This is considered to be the third stage. A black hole can continually grow up by absorbing the matters and interstellar dust or even merges with other stars or black holes. This is considered to be a way to super massive black holes. The last stage of black holes is the evaporation. If the Hawking’s theory can be verified, a black hole is not totally black but emits its thermal radiation with a quite small quantity. This means that a black hole would loss its mass by Hawking radiation (Parikh, 2000) and vanishes eventually. Simulation res ults show that a small black hole owns very strong emission effects. The Hawking radiation will be discussed in details. Once the scientific world accepts the concept of black holes, a question is launched: are the black holes keep growing and expanding? Hawking says no! By applying quantum field theory into a stationary black hole background, he found that a black hole should radiate particles like a black body near the event horizon (Hawking, 1974). Physical picture to this bizarre phenomenon is the radiation is not come from the black holes directly, but the results of particle-antiparticle formation just beyond the event horizon. Specifically, a particle-antiparticle pair generated from the vacuum fluctuations appears close to the event horizon. One of the pair escapes forms the boundary while another one falls into it (Droste, 1917). Another interesting question is: how can be detected a black hole where even light can’t escape? The direct way is to probing the Hawking radiation, unfortunately the simulation results show that the Hawking radiation is too small to be detected from the Earth. In 2008 NASA launched the Fermi Gammar-ray Space Telescope to search the Hawking radiation which is strong in the last stage of a black hole (Naeye, 2008). Beyond the detection of Hawking radiation. Many indirect approaches to detecting black holes are proposed and realized by astrophysicists. The X-ray binaries, a binary star system, emit bright X-ray spectrum. The XUV radiation is generally considered to be caused by a compact star being accreting interstellar gas and dust. The presence of the X-ray binary gives an opportunity to locating a black hole. In 1999, Celotti reported the existence of the sofr X-ray transients and predicted that a black hole may be formed in the region (Celotti, 1999). Still more data and needed to verify this finding. Another way to detect a black hole is based on the massive gravitational effect caused by the black holes. On candidate is the gravitational lens effect which deforms the space structure to bend the light as if a lens. The way to observe the gravitational lens effect is to observe the orbit of a star near the vicinity of a black hole. The evidence of the black holes caused gravitational lens i s found by Bozza et al. (2010) around Sagittarius A*. A widely accepted view is that a super massive black holes exists in nearly the center of every galaxy, not just active ones. When an observer is falling into a black hole, what kind of experience would he have? Theorists argue that if another observer out of the black holes tries to describe the falling one he should never be able to cross the horizon. This means, the falling one should take infinite time to cross the event horizon if he were not torn apart by tidal forces even before reaching the horizon. On the other hand, for this observer falling across the event horizon, he takes only a finite proper time in his own coordinate. However, he will not find any Hawking radiation. In fact this paradox comes from the contradiction between the general gravitational theory and the quantum mechanism. The two theories are successful in their own regions, general gravitational theory for cosmic and the quantum mechanism for atomic particles, but they can’t fit each other. The funny thing is that Einstein is against the quantum mechanism even he is one of the founders to it and even he was rewarded the Nob ile Prize for his important work in quantum mechanism. Until now this is still an open question to the theoretical and astronomical physicists. The black holes attract attentions both from scientists and the public. At first, it is only a mathematical expression for a special space time structure where nothing can be escape from it and described in scientific fictions. However with the appearances of more and more indirect evidences, it turns out to be reality with certain possibility. From scientific view of point, the black holes own unique properties and components, such as singularity, the event horizon, Hawking radiation. The black holes can provide particular physical conditions where new physical laws and principles can be verified. The researches on black holes push the frontier of astronomy, including worm holes, interstellar travel between stars, cosmic settlement. Fortunately we have plenty of time, maybe millions of years. References Bardeen, J. M. et al. (1973). The four laws of black hole mechanics. Communication Mathematical Physics, Vol. 31. pp. 161-170. Bozza, V. (2010). Gravitational lensing by black holes.General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 42. No.42. pp. 2269–2300. Carter, B. (1971). Axisymmetric black hole has only two degrees of freedom. Physical Review Letters  Vol. 26. No. 6. pp.331-333. Celotti, A.; Miller, J. C.; Sciama, D. W. (1999). Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes.Classical and Quantum Gravity,  Vol. 16. No.12. pp. A3–A21. Droste, J.(1917). On the field of a single centre in Einsteins theory of gravitation, and the motion of a particle in that field.  Proceedings Royal Academy Amsterdam, Vol.19.No. 1. pp. 197–215. Droste, J.(2009). On the field of a single centre in Einsteins theory of gravitation, and the motion of a particle in that field.  Proceedings Royal Academy Amsterdam,Vol. 19. No.1. pp.197–215. Gillispie, C., Laplace, P. (2000). 1749–1827: a life in exact science. Princeton University Press. Hawking, S. W. (1974). Black hole explosions?  Nature,Vol. 248.No. 5443. pp. 30–31. Hooft, G.t. (2009). Introduction to the theory of black holes. Institute for Theoretical Physics / Spinoza Institute. pp.47–48. Israel, W. (1967). Event Horizons in Static Vacuum Space-Times.Physical Review  Vol. 164. No. 5. pp. 1776-1779. Kerr, R. P. (2009). The Kerr and Kerr-Schild metrics. Spacetime. Cambridge University Press. Michell, J. (1784).  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, No.74. pp. 35–57. Naeye, R.(2008). Testing fundamental physics. NASA. OConnor, J.J., and Robertson, E.F. (1996). General relativity.University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Parikh, M., Wilczek, F. (2000). Hawking radiation as tunneling. Physical Review Letters, No. 26. No. 21. pp. 1344-1346. Penrose, R.(1965). Gravitational collapse and space-time singularities. Physical Review Letters,Vol. 14. No.3. pp. 57-59. Quinion, M.(2008).  Black Hole.World Wide Words. Robinson, D. (1975). Uniqueness of the Kerr black hole.  Physical Review Letters,Vol. 34. No. 14. pp. 905-906. Ruffini, R.;Wheeler, J. A.(1971). Introducing the black hole.Physics Today,Vol. 24No. 1. pp. 30–41. Schwarzschild, K.(1916). ÃÅ"ber das gravitationsfeld eines massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen theorie.Sitzungsberichte der Kà ¶niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,No. 7. pp. 189–196. Wheeler, J. Craig. (2007).  Cosmic catastrophes. Cambridge University Press.

Essay on Animal Imagery in A Dolls House -- Dolls House essays

Animal Imagery in A Doll's House    Animal imagery in Henrick Ibsen's play, A Doll's House is a critical part of the character development of Nora, the protagonist. Ibsen uses creative, but effective, animal imagery to develop Nora's character throughout the play. He has Torvald call his wife "his little lark"(Isben) or "sulky squirrel"(Isben) or other animal names throughout the play. He uses a lot of 'bird' imagery-calling her many different bird names. The name Torvald uses directly relates to how he feels about her at the time. The animals Ibsen chooses to use are related to how Nora is acting, or how she needs to be portrayed.    For instance: Not even a dozen lines into Act I, Torvald asks (referring to Nora), "Is that my little lark twittering out there"(Isben) and "Is that my squirrel rummaging around?"(Isben) A lark is a songbird; a happy, carefree bird. It is can also be used as a verb that means to engage in spirited fun or merry pranks. A squirrel is quite the opposite: it is a small, furry rodent. If you are to squirrel away something, you were hiding or storing it, kind of like what Nora was doing with her bag of macaroons. Torvald calls her these names to fit the situation. Nora was definitely a care free woman, just like a lark, and Torvald refers to her as such: "my little lark"(Isben). When he says that, Nora is moving around the room and humming with a carefree spirit that would characterize a lark. Whenever she has this spirit, Torvald refers to her as his "little lark."(Isben) On the other hand, Nora must be some sort of scrounge, because Torvald also refers to her as his "little squirrel."(Isben) He asks if "that is my squirrel rummaging around"(Isben). It seems that maybe Ibsen was usi... ...al in the character development for both characters, showing really how both sides perceive the other.    Works Cited and Consulted: Baruch, Elaine Hoffman. "Ibsen's Doll House: A Myth for Our Time." The Yale Review 69 (1980): 374-387. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrick. A Doll House. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. 5th   ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 1564-1612. Northram, John. "Ibsen's Search for the Hero." Ibsen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Rolf Fjelde. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 107-113. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen. PMLA   104.1(1989): 28-40.